Excel Basic Formulas
- Formulas
- Definition: Custom calculations created using arithmetic operators and cell references.
- Usage: Automate calculations and data analysis.
- Arithmetic Operators
- Addition (+): Adds values (e.g.,
=A1 + B1
).
- Subtraction (-): Subtracts values (e.g.,
=A1 - B1
).
- Multiplication (*): Multiplies values (e.g.,
=A1 * B1
).
- Division (/): Divides values (e.g.,
=A1 / B1
).
- Exponentiation (^): Raises a number to a power (e.g.,
=A1 ^ 2
).
- Basic Functions
- SUM()
- Definition: Adds a range of numbers.
- Usage:
=SUM(A1:A10)
sums all values from A1 to A10.
- AVERAGE()
- Definition: Calculates the mean of a range of numbers.
- Usage:
=AVERAGE(A1:A10)
computes the average of values from A1 to A10.
- MIN()
- Definition: Finds the smallest value in a range.
- Usage:
=MIN(A1:A10)
returns the minimum value in the range A1 to A10.
- MAX()
- Definition: Finds the largest value in a range.
- Usage:
=MAX(A1:A10)
returns the maximum value in the range A1 to A10.
- COUNT()
- Definition: Counts the number of numeric values in a range.
- Usage:
=COUNT(A1:A10)
counts the numeric values in the range A1 to A10.
- COUNTA()
- Definition: Counts the number of non-empty cells in a range.
- Usage:
=COUNTA(A1:A10)
counts all non-empty cells in the range A1 to A10.
- Text Functions
- CONCATENATE() / CONCAT()
- Definition: Joins two or more text strings into one.
- Usage:
=CONCATENATE(A1, " ", B1)
joins text in A1 and B1 with a space in between.
- LEFT()
- Definition: Extracts a specified number of characters from the start of a text string.
- Usage:
=LEFT(A1, 5)
returns the first 5 characters of the text in A1.
- RIGHT()
- Definition: Extracts a specified number of characters from the end of a text string.
- Usage:
=RIGHT(A1, 3)
returns the last 3 characters of the text in A1.
- MID()
- Definition: Extracts a specified number of characters from a text string, starting at any position.
- Usage:
=MID(A1, 2, 4)
returns 4 characters from the text in A1, starting at the second character.
- Date and Time Functions
- TODAY()
- Definition: Returns the current date.
- Usage:
=TODAY()
displays the current date.
- NOW()
- Definition: Returns the current date and time.
- Usage:
=NOW()
displays the current date and time.
- DATE()
- Definition: Creates a date from year, month, and day values.
- Usage:
=DATE(2024, 6, 19)
returns June 19, 2024.
- Logical Functions
- IF()
- Definition: Performs a logical test and returns one value if true and another if false.
- Usage:
=IF(A1 > 10, "Yes", "No")
returns “Yes” if A1 is greater than 10, otherwise “No”.
- AND()
- Definition: Returns TRUE if all arguments are TRUE.
- Usage:
=AND(A1 > 10, B1 < 5)
returns TRUE if A1 is greater than 10 and B1 is less than 5.
- OR()
- Definition: Returns TRUE if any argument is TRUE.
- Usage:
=OR(A1 > 10, B1 < 5)
returns TRUE if either A1 is greater than 10 or B1 is less than 5.
- Error Handling Functions
- IFERROR()
- Definition: Returns a value you specify if a formula evaluates to an error; otherwise, returns the result of the formula.
- Usage:
=IFERROR(A1/B1, "Error")
returns “Error” if the division results in an error.